Abstract
This article examines the unsettled boundary between intellectual assistance and the requirement that assessed work express a learner’s own thinking. It reconstructs an iterative human–AI inquiry and develops it through close analysis of original research on language models, writing, feedback, authorship, learning and assessment validity. A graduate admissions policy provides one institutional example, rather than a verdict on higher education generally. The argument distinguishes the origin of an idea, the learner’s understanding, intellectual contribution, expression and disclosure. Direct reading…





